Material Safety Data Sheet: 1-Butanethiol
Identification
Product Name: 1-Butanethiol
Synonyms: n-Butyl mercaptan, Butylthiol
Chemical Formula: C4H10S
Molecular Weight: 90.19 g/mol
CAS Number: 109-79-5
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, industrial intermediate
Manufacturer Details: [Enter manufacturer/supplier name and address]
Emergency Phone: [Enter emergency contact number]
Hazard Identification
Hazard Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Acute toxicity, inhalation (Category 3), Acute toxicity, oral (Category 3), Skin irritation (Category 2), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful if swallowed. Toxic if inhaled. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames. Avoid breathing vapors or mist. Wear protective gloves, eye and face protection. Use explosion-proof equipment. If swallowed, call a poison center. If inhaled: remove person to fresh air and seek medical attention.
Symptoms of Exposure: Headache, dizziness, nausea, respiratory discomfort, skin redness, eye watering.
Composition / Information on Ingredients
Chemical Name: 1-Butanethiol
Content: >99%
CAS Number: 109-79-5
Impurities: May contain trace hydrocarbons or sulfur compounds (specify by supplier if applicable)
First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air right away. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop or persist. Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Skin Contact: Take off contaminated clothing. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes. Medical evaluation is required if irritation lingers.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly under running water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids. Remove contact lenses if present and easy. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Seek medical help instantly. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Rinse mouth with water if conscious. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Most Important Symptoms: Respiratory tract irritation, headaches, skin or eye burns, central nervous system effects in severe cases.
Fire-Fighting Measures
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, water spray (avoid direct stream on burning liquid).
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Water jet may spread burning liquid.
Hazards from Combustion: Releases toxic gases, including sulfur oxides and carbon monoxide under fire conditions.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.
Firefighting Procedures: Remove containers from fire area if safe to do so. Use water spray to cool nearby containers. Evacuate area and contain run-off to prevent environmental damage.
Flash Point: 35°C (95°F)
Explosion Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Ignition possible from static discharge, sparks, flames.
Accidental Release Measures
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Keep away from open flames, heat, or sources of ignition. Ventilate area. Use personal protective equipment, including respirator, gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spills from entering drains or water systems. Notify authorities if product contaminates the environment.
Containment Methods: Stop leak if you can do so without risk. Dike spill area to prevent further release.
Clean Up Methods: Absorb with inert material such as sand or earth. Collect seeped material in tightly sealed, labeled containers for disposal. Wash area with plenty of water after cleanup, collecting cleaning wash for approved disposal.
Decontamination: Avoid contact with surfaces that come in direct human or wildlife contact. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete to remove residual vapors.
Handling and Storage
Handling: Work in well-ventilated areas. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Avoid inhaling vapors or skin contact. Wash hands and face thoroughly after use. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not eat, drink, or smoke near the product.
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials (strong oxidizers, acids). Keep containers tightly sealed. Use proper grounding procedures for transfer and storage to prevent static discharge.
Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F).
Incompatibilities: Strong acids, strong oxidizers, halogens. Keep away from reactive chemicals.
Safe Packaging: Use containers made of materials compatible with thiols, approved by regulatory standards.
Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
Exposure Limits: NIOSH REL: 0.5 ppm (2 mg/m³), OSHA PEL: 0.5 ppm (2 mg/m³) TWA
Engineering Controls: Provide local exhaust ventilation or use a fume hood to control airborne levels. Provide eyewash stations and emergency showers.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Respiratory Protection: Wear an approved respirator if exposure limits may be exceeded or ventilation is inadequate.
- Skin Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), long-sleeved clothing, and lab coat.
- Eye Protection: Chemical splash safety goggles or face shield.
- Other: Use antistatic, fire-resistant clothing when handling in quantity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Strong, offensive, rotten-egg or skunk-like odor
Odor Threshold: 0.0001 ppm (extremely low)
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: -115°C
Boiling Point: 98°C
Flash Point: 35°C
Evaporation Rate: Not determined
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Upper/Lower Flammability Limits: 1.7% - 10.2% (vol % in air)
Vapor Pressure: 63 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 3.1 (air=1)
Solubility in Water: Slight, less than 1 g/100 mL at 20°C
Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 2.2
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 245°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not specified
Viscosity: 0.486 cP at 20°C
Stability and Reactivity
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
Reactivity: Flammable, readily forms explosive mixtures with air.
Conditions to Avoid: Sources of ignition, static electricity, excessive heat, incompatibles.
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizing agents, acids, strong bases, halogens. Reacts violently with concentrated nitric acid.
Decomposition Products: Toxic sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, low-molecular-weight organosulfur compounds.
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur under normal storage.
Toxicological Information
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 124 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat, 4hr): 480 ppm; Dermal LD50: Not established, but expected to cause skin damage.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Symptoms: Irritation, headaches, nausea, CNS depression, difficulty breathing, skin redness or burns, eye injuries.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may lead to liver, kidney, or nervous system effects. Repeated exposure may increase skin sensitization.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Genotoxicity: Data not available.
Reproductive Toxicity: No human data; animal studies inconclusive.
Other Information: High vapor concentrations can disrupt respiratory function, and may cause unconsciousness or death.
Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-lasting harmful effects in aquatic environment.
Aquatic Toxicity Data: Fish LC50 (Lepomis macrochirus, 96hr): 1.5 mg/L; Daphnia EC50 (48hr): 0.24 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Despite being volatile, it does not break down quickly in water or soil. Moderate persistence in the environment.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Potential for bioaccumulation is moderate (log Kow 2.2).
Soil Mobility: Product evaporates easily but may contaminate groundwater due to limited solubility.
Other Adverse Effects: Highly volatile odor can affect local air quality, posing nuisance or hazard for nearby residents or wildlife.
Disposal Considerations
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect and store waste in sealed, labeled containers. Dispose of material as hazardous waste according to local, regional, and national regulations.
Recommended Disposal: Incinerate at high-temperature facility with proper air pollution controls.
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of used containers as hazardous material. Do not reuse empty containers.
Special Precautions: Never pour product into drains, sewers, or water courses.
Disposal Guidance: Follow all applicable regulations, including OSHA, EPA, and local environmental protection agency rules. Transport only by licensed hazardous waste carriers.
Transport Information
UN Number: UN2338
Proper Shipping Name: Butanethiols
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquids)
Packing Group: II
Environmental Hazards: Marine Pollutant
Special Transport Precautions: Secure containers upright. Use packing resistant to leaks and breakage. Mark container clearly with hazard labels. Emergency response guide numbers: 127.
Regulatory Notes: Comply with DOT (US), IMDG (sea), ICAO/IATA (air) regulations. Notify carrier of flammable and toxic properties.
Regulatory Information
U.S. Regulations: SARA 302 (EHS) — not listed; SARA 313 — subject to reporting as a hazardous substance; CERCLA — reportable quantity: 1 lb (0.45 kg); OSHA — hazardous chemical, regulated under Hazard Communication Standard (HCS); TSCA — listed in inventory.
EU Regulations: Listed in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). Subject to REACH registration.
Canada: WHMIS Classification: B2 (flammable), D1B (toxic material causing immediate and serious toxic effects). DSL/NDSL: Listed.
Label Elements: Must display GHS/OSHA hazard pictograms, signal word "Danger", all GHS hazard and precautionary statements.
Other Standards: Follow all national and international regulations for use, storage, and disposal.
Worker Protection: Training, information, and supervision mandated for handling hazardous chemicals.
